Improved drill



y JOHN M.' MAY, OE JANEsvILLE, wisconsin.

IMPROVED DRILL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 49,129, datedAugust `1, 1865.

To all whom it 'may concern:

.Be it known that I, JOHN M. MAY, of Rock county, and State of Wisconsin, have invented a new and useful Improvementin a Rock-Drill and a Sand-Pump, to be worked or operated together or at the same time, forming a built tool that Icall a pump-drill; and l do herebyT declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon. v

The nature of my invention consists, flrst, in constructing the bit or cutting-edge of a drill with a bevel all or chiefly on one side, to cause the drill to revolve somewhat in the path of a horizontal circle at each descending stroke or blow of the drill, that it may descend and cut in a new place at each blow; second, in constructing and operatin g a pump-drill to take or pumpup the broken and crushed rock,

sand, and roily water and muddy substance as the process of drillinggoes on; third, in introd ucin g orsupplyin g at each blow' water from the outside of the pump-drill,at the bottom of the drilled hole, to supply the place ot' the crushed rock, sand, Src., taken upinto the pump, and to keep the bottom of the drilled hole clean, whereby the drilling process is more rapidly advanced; fourth, in connecting a pump-drill or a drill to a rope or rod used to `operate a pump-drill or a drill by means ot' a swivel so constructed that a single or a double blowr may be given at each descending stroke of the drill and allow the drill to revolve; fifth, operating a pump-drill by `means of a pipe or tube through which broken and pulverized rock, sand, muddy and riley water is forced to the surface of the ground and discharged as the process of drilling progresses; sixth, a spring-guide through which a pipe or rod used to operate a drill passes to prevent friction of the pipe or rod against the sides ofthe drilled rock, and -to keep the pipe or rod central in the drilled hole as the drill rises and falls; seventh, in so forming a spring-guide as to catch pieces of rock and other substances that may drop into the drilled hole and prevent theirgetting between the rock and drill; and,

eighth,a screen or strainer to keep the unpulverized pieces of rock and coarse` substances from entering and clogging the pump.

a view of a pump-drill and,` pipe for operating y l the same, thepipe also servingto conduct the` contents of the pump to the surface ofthe` ground to be discharged, a springguide being y used to keep the pipe central inthe drilled hole.

The pump-drill andV pipe in"this figure. are rep-` `resented asbeing inside adrilled holeordrilled l,

well, the well part of this ligure being aver-l I Fig. jisfla t.

similar view to Fig. 2, arod and rope, instead` 1 y ot' a pipe, being represented with which to op-` tical section through its center.

erate the pump-drill. Fig.4 is' a horizontal cross-section from a to b inFig. 1. "Fig.5 is a horizontal section, showingja circular cutting,` t y edge of a drill from e tof. and the diameter of` the drill from g to It inFig; 6. Figb "shows the lo wer end ot' a pumpdrillput together,with a portion broken away,showing"its interior. Fig. 7 shows a screen `or sieve to proteetthe valve and pump from being obstructedfit be` ing a horizontal view. Fig; Sis ahorizontal` cross-section from Zto m inFig. 1;a`nd`].1`ig.` 9 is the top ot' a pump-drill connected directly with a drilling-rod without a swivel. y A is the circular `member of a pumpdriill. To this member is fastened a. centra-l: member, B or B', and cylinder D ofthe pump, and at the upper end of the cylinder is center piece or bracket, E. The partsA, B, D,and1]1lla`re4 screwed together or attached to each other iu any substantial manner. Central me`mber,B, d has any desired number of wings extending from its center, and each wing has its cuttingedge or bit beveled on one side, similar to a carpenters chisel, (shown in Figs. l and 2,) for the purpose ot' giving a drill or a pump-drill a slightly rotating motion lat each descending` stroke or blow, causing also each succeeding blow to strike in a new place without the necessityof rotating the drill at thesurface of the ground, as is now the method. The swivel, formed of bracket'Eand rodF, allowsa drill or pump-drill to revolve, as described. The cutting-edges, beveled allonone sidegjor chiefly on one side, also facilitate the rapidity of `cutf-` l tin g and chlpping the rock tobe drilled. "The hit or cuttingedgc of wings B arebeveledon both sides, andthe drill or pump-drill requires HGr constitute a means of giving a double blow at each descent of a drill and rod, or at each descent of a pumpdrill and rod, tirst, by the weight of a drill or pump-drill, and, second, by the weight ot' the rod, which continues to descend until collar G cornes in contact with shoulder l-I. The torce ofthe second blow depends on the greaterdistance from Gto K than from H 'to J, which distance may be graduated by moving and fastening the collar Gr at any desired point on the rod. On the upward motion the shoulder K, striking shoulder J, causes a concussion, useful in keeping the drill free from becoming fast at the bottom ofthe drilled hole.

The circular member' A has holes near its bottom or cutting edge, which holes are angular, as at c, or horizontal, as at d, in Figs. l and 2, and are of any desired size and shape, and are for the purpose ot' allowing the water between the wall of drilled rock and outside of the pump-drill to enter the drilled hole to take the place of the pulverized rock, sand, and mud, and roily water received into the pump at the descending blow, and also prevents a tendency to form a vacuum below the drillpump by the close titting of the cutting and trimming edge ot' circular member A to the wall of the drilled hole as the pump-drill rises.

In Figs. 3 and 6, where the cutting-bits B are beveled on both sides and the revolving of the pump-drill is done at the top of the well,

are channels or grooves i z' t', as in Fig. 3, made longitudinally with the outsidelineotthe pump and drill through the bit and cutting-edge of memberA,which expands outwardly, as shown, through which channels water finds its way under the drill as itrises.

The channels may be made of any size or shape or number that will best accomplish the desired object and not impair the efficiency of the drill. A view of these channels is also seen at :ij 't' t' in the horizontal cross-section, Fig. 5, in which the greatest diameter of the cutting-edge of member A is from c tof, and the greatest diameter of the pump-drill above the tapering portion of the bit is from g to h, these diameters being also shown by corresponding letters in Fig. 6.

Eitherholes or channels may be used through which to supply water from the space n between the pump-drill and drilled rock g, as

. shown in Figs. 2 and 3, to take the place of pulverized rock, sand, and other substances taken -into the pump as the pump-drill is operated, whereby the drill has less obstruction in reaching the rock to be drilled, and a cleaner surface when reached, both of which are important advantages.

A ball-valve, C, in Fig. 1, I deem the best for a sand-pump combined with adrill, though any suitable kind of valve may be used.

To prevent chips ot' rock or other obstructingsubstance from ascending and clogging the valve, I use a screen or sieve,j, in Figs. l and 7, ot' any suitable material and texture. A coarse sieve ot' brass wire I deem suitable.

I do not coniine myself to any particular angle or degree of expansion ofthe bit or lower end of circular member A ot' the pump drill. That which will be effectual and durable and yet allow it to rise Iand fall freely will bestV serve the purpose.

When the water in the drilled hole comes sufficiently near the top of thewell, and pipe Nin Fig. 2 is used as a hollow pumping and drilling rod, I also use it to convey the contents ot the pump-drill to or above the top of the well to be discharged. VThus the drilling and pumpingis carried on at one and the saine operation; also, Iuse apumping-rod and suitablevalves inside the pipe N, at a proper dis tance belowr the surface of the watervin the Well, to make an auxiliary pump, when the interior diameter ot' pipe N is suitable for that purpose. This auxiliary pump I operate by attaching the upper end of this pumping-rod firmly over the top of pipe N to a stationary beam or other suitable fixture, and the process l ot' pumping the contents out of pipe N as they ascend from the pum p-drill is accomplished as the pipe descends at each blow ot the drill; or I Operate this auxiliary pump independently b y a leverv or other suitable means, yet as an auxiliary to the pump -drill at the bottom of the drilled hole, and greatly aids the process of sinking a well by boring or drilling rock, but cannot4 be used unless there is a suitable abundance of water.

When the pump-drill is operated by means of rod Pand rope R in Fig. 3, and cylinder D,

which may be of any suitable length and capacity, is lilled with sand and pulverized rock, the pump-drill is withdrawn and the contents discharged, requiring much less time than when a sand-pump and drill are used separately.

In Figs. 2 and 3 is a spring-guide, in which Q is a collar, rounded inside to allow a rod or pipe to pass freely, and has attached to it springs s s s s s s s s, curved substantially as shown, so that they will pass obstructions, and are sufficiently strong to sustain their own weight and that of the collarby a gentle pressure against the wall of the drilled rock, and serve to guide -the rod or pipe and to keep it central in the well, whereby greater efficiency is added to the drill, and the breaking the edge and corners of the drill by not being kept perpendicular and inline avoided. Sockets Q, in Figs. 2 and 3, that connect joints of pipe N and joints ot' rod P, one above and one below the sprin g-guide, lmove the spring-guide up and :fait

down in the well, and as many as may be neces-` sary to keep the pipe or rod in line should be used; also, any suitable additional number of springs s may be added to each collar to form a :receptacle opening upward to catch fragments of rock, tools, or other articles that may fall into the well, and thus prevent their getting wedged in between the drill and wall of the drilled rock, whereby loss of time, or of a drill, or both, may be saved. x

The hollow or curved recess 7c in the center ofthe upper part of the wings B or B is for the purpose of making a suitably large space forbroken rock, sand, 85e., to pass freely through to reach throat I, through which they pass to reach valve G, and thence into the cylinder I), as the pump-drill is worked, the coarse screen f being the only obstacle encountered, the bars L across the cylinder regulatingthe height the ball-valve can rise.

In Letters Patent granted to me on the 23d day of August, 1859, for a spring guide for keeping a pumppipe in the center of a drilled well, I now apply and combine a spring-guide with a rock-drill, as herein described.

I am aware thata perforated drill, valve, and flexible nose havebeen used in combination, and I do not claim such combinatio'mnor any combination including a iiexible pipe or hose. .i

I do not confine myself to any particular form or style of making a pump-drill, whether the circular cutting-edge ofthe bottom of the drill and pump cylinder are made of one piece of material and the eross-cuttin g. edges and valve firmly placed inside, or as shown in the drawings and described, or inanyother rm and l. Beveling the bit or cutting-edge of a drill` all on one side, or chiey'on one side, to give t the drill a slightly rotating motion ina horizontal direction at each blow of the drill, sut.`

stantially as described. f

2. A swivel formed of parts E, F,and G, when used, to allow a drill or a pump-drillto revolve in the path of a horizontal direction, substantially as described.V

3. Using a spring guide to catch pieces of rock and other substances that fall into a'drilled well and obstruct the operation of a drill, substantially as and for the purposes described.`

4. Screen or strainer j, when used in a pumpdrill, substantially as and forthe purposes described.

JOHN M. MAY.1 Witnesses:

S. L. LURD, S. D. Looms. 

